VAT stands for value-added tax and is also known as GST (Goods and Services Tax) in some other countries. VAT meaning – a type of tax, on the goods or services, which is collected on any value added during the production and the final stage. With additional value which is created during the production process, Value-Added Tax appears and is applied to most of the sales of goods and services. Find out more about each and every European state below.
| Country | Standard VAT Rate | Registration Threshold |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | 20.0% | ALL 10 million |
| Andorra | 4.5% | EUR 40,000 |
| Armenia | 20.0% | AMD 115 million |
| Austria | 20.0% | EUR 35,000 |
| Azerbaijan | 18.0% | AZN 200,000 |
| Belarus | 20.0% | No threshold for registration |
| Belgium | 21.0% | EUR 25,000 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 17.0% | BAM 50,000 |
| Croatia | 25.0% | HRK 230,000 |
| Cyprus | 19.0% | EUR 15,600 |
| Czech Republic | 21.0% | CZK 1 million |
| Denmark | 25.0% | DKK 50,000 |
| Estonia | 20.0% | EUR 40,000 |
| Finland | 24.0% | EUR 15,000 |
| France | 20.0% | EUR 85,800 |
| Germany | 19.0% | EUR 22,000 |
| Greece | 24.0% | EUR 10,000 |
| Hungary | 27.0% | HUF 8,800,000 |
| Iceland | 24.0% | ISK 2 million |
| Ireland | 23.0% | EUR 75,000 |
| Italy | 22.0% | EUR 65,000 |
| Kazakhstan | 12.0% | EUR 30,000 |
| Kosovo | 18.0% | EUR 30,000 |
| Latvia | 21.0% | EUR 35,000 |
| Lithuania | 21.0% | EUR 45,000 |
| Luxembourg | 17.0% | EUR 35,000 |
| Macedonia | 18.0% | MKD 2 million |
| Moldova | 20.0% | MDL 1.2 million |
| Monaco | 20.0% | EUR 33,100 |
| Montenegro | 21.0% | EUR 18,000 |
| Netherlands | 21.0% | EUR 25,000 |
| Norway | 25.0% | NOK 50,000 |
| Malta | 18.0% | EUR 35,000 |
| Poland | 23.0% | PLN 200,000 |
| Portugal | 23.0% | EUR 12,500 |
| Romania | 19.0% | RON 118,000 |
| Russia | 20.0% | No threshold for registration |
| Slovak Republic | 20.0% | EUR 49,790 |
| Slovenia | 22.0% | EUR 50,000 |
| Spain | 21.0% | No threshold for registration |
| Sweden | 25.0% | SEK 320,000 |
| Switzerland | 7.7% | EUR 100,000 |
| Turkey | 18.0% | No threshold for registration |
| Ukraine | 20.0% | UAH 1million |
| United Kingdom | 20.0% | GBP 85,000 |
Albania
- Standard Value-added tax (VAT) rate is 20%
- Standard VAT period is the calendar month.
- Taxable transactions include goods and services supplied domestically as well as goods imported into Albania by a taxable person.
- Reduced VAT rate is 6%.
- Zero-rated 0% goods and services: exports, supply of goods transported in the personal luggage of travellers, international transport.
Armenia
- Value-added tax (VAT) is 20%
Austria
In Austria, the VAT rate depends on where the supply is made:
- In the regions of Jungholz and Mittelberg, the standard rate is 19%.
- In the rest of Austria, the standard rate is 20%.
- Reduced rates of 10% and 13% also apply.
- The standard VAT rate applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific provision allows a reduced rate or exemption.
Azerbaijan
The standard rate of VAT is 18%.
Zero rating applies on:
- Gold and other valuables to the Central Bank of Azerbaijan;
- Exportation of goods and services;
- Import of goods and implementation of works and provision of services to grant recipients on the expense of financial aid that is received received from abroad;
- International and transit cargo and passenger transportation, as well as the supply of works and services directly connected with international and transit flights.
Belarus
The standard VAT rate is 20%, reduced rate is 10%.
Reduced rate applies on:
- Local supplies of crop products;
- import and/or local supplies of certain food products and goods for children;
- import and/or local supplies of medicines and medical products.
Zero rated VAT applies on:
Belgium
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT, including the zero rate.
In Belgium, the following VAT rates apply:
- Standard rate at 21%
- Reduced rates at 6%
- 12% Zero rate (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate, the zero rate or exemption.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The standard VAT rate is 17%.
There is no reduced VAT rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The export of goods is zero-rated.
Bulgaria
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are subject to VAT. The following are the applicable VAT rates in Bulgaria.
- Standard rate: 20%
- Reduced rate: 9% for hotel accommodation
- Zero rate (0%)
No VAT is chargeable on zero-rated supplies but the taxable person may deduct the related input tax.
Croatia
The term “taxable supply” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to any of the VAT rates, including supplies that are exempt with the right to deduct input VAT.
The following are the VAT rates in Croatia:
- Standard rate: 25% (reduced to 24% from 1 January 2020)
- Reduced rates: 13% and 5%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate or exemption.
Czech Republic
The following are the VAT rates:
- Standard rate: 21%
- Reduced rates: 15%, 10%
- 0% (zero-rated or exempt with credit).
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for the reduced rate or exemption.
Denmark
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT, including the zero rate.
In Denmark, the following are the two rates of VAT:
- Standard rate of 25%
- Zero rate (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless specific measures provides for the zero rate or an exemption.
Estonia
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are subject to VAT.
The following are the VAT rates in Estonia:
- Standard rate: 20%
- Reduced rate: 9%
- Zero rate (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure allows the reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption.
Finland
The following are the current VAT rates in Finland:
- Standard rate: 24%
- Reduced rates: 10% and 14%
- Zero rate (0%)
The standard VAT rate applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure allows a reduced rate or exemption.
France
- Standard rate: 20%
- Reduced rates: 2.1%, 5.5% and 10%
The standard VAT rate applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate or exemption.
Georgia
Standard VAT rate is 18% and it applies to:
Supply of all goods and services for consideration on the territory of Georgia.
A person established in Georgia must register as a VAT payer when its taxable turnover exceeds 100,000 Georgian GEL in 12-months.
Germany
- The standard VAT tax in Germany is 19% of the sales value.
- Reduced VAT tax Germany authorities set is 7%.
- Services that include intra-community and international transportation are subject to 0% VAT.
Greece
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT.
- Standard rate of VAT is 24%
- Reduced rates are 13% and 6%.
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure allows a reduced rate or exemption.
Hungary
In Hungary, the following VAT rates apply:
- Standard rate: 27%
- Reduced rates: 5% and 18%
The standard VAT rate applies to all supplies of goods and services unless a specific rule provides for a reduced rate or exemption.
Iceland
The following are the VAT rates in Iceland:
- Standard rate: 24%
- Reduced rate: 11%
- Zero rate (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure allows a reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption.
Ireland
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable for VAT at any rate, including supplies made at the zero rate. In Ireland, the following VAT rates apply:
- Standard rate of 23%
- Reduced rates 9% and 13.5%
- Zero rate (0% )
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific provision allows a reduced rate, the zero rate or exemption.
Italy
Taxable supplies are supplies of goods and services that are liable to VAT at the following rates:
- Standard rate: 22%
- Reduced rates: 4%, 5% and 10%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific provision allows a reduced rate or exemption.
Kazakhstan
Standard VAT rate in Kazakhstan is 12%.
Zero percent rate applies on:
- Exports;
- International transport services;
- Oil.
Latvia
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are subject to VAT.
In Latvia, the following rates of VAT apply:
- Standard rate: 21%
- Reduced rate: 12% and 5%
- Zero rate: (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure provides for the reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption. When an exemption is granted, there may be an option to tax.
Lithuania
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT.
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure provides a reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption.
The VAT rates are as follows:
- Standard rate: 21%
- Reduced rates: 9% and 5%
- Zero rate: (0%)
Luxembourg
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are subject to VAT.
In Luxembourg, the following VAT rates apply:
- Standard rate: 17%
- Reduced rates: 3%, 8% and 14%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate or an exemption.
Malta
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to VAT.
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 18%
- Reduced rates: 5% and 7%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides a reduced rate or an exemption.
Moldova
Standard VAT rate in Moldova is 20% and it applies to:
local supply of goods and services;
import of goods and services.
Since 2021 January 1st VAT rate was reduced for accommodation services, foods and beverages from 15% to 12%.
Netherlands
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT, including the zero rate (0%).
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 21%
- Reduced rate: 9% as of 1 January 2019 (6% in 2018 and earlier years)
- Zero rate (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides a reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption.
Norway
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 25%
- Reduced rates: 12% (from 1 January 2018) and 15%
- Zero rate (0%)
Poland
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT, including the zero rate.
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 23%
- Reduced rates: 5% and 8%
- Zero rate (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption.
Portugal
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT.
The VAT rates in Portugal are:
- Standard rate: 23%
- Intermediate rate: 13%
- Reduced rate: 6%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for the intermediate rate, the reduced rate or an exemption.
Romania
Supplies within the scope of VAT are classified as taxable and exempt.
- Standard rate of VAT is 19%
- Reduced VAT rates of 9% and 5% apply to certain supplies
Russia
In the Russian Federation, the following are the VAT rates:
- Standard rate: 20%
- Rate for e-services: 16.67%
- Reduced rate: 10%
- Zero rate: (0%)
The standard rate of VAT (20%) applies to all supplies of goods (works and services) and property rights unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate, the zero rate or an exemption.
Serbia
On 1 January 2005 VAT was introduced to Serbia. The standard VAT rate is 20%.
Reduced VAT rate is 10% and it applies on:
- basic food;
- daily newspapers;
- medicines;
- publications;
- public transportation services;
- utilities.
0% VAT rate applies on:
- trading in shares;
- insurance and reinsurance;
- the lease of apartments;
- business premises.
Slovakia
- The 20% standard VAT rate applies.
- If supplies are classified as zero-rated, no VAT is due, but the supplier may deduct related input tax.
Slovenia
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 22%
- Reduced rate: 9.5%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for the reduced rate or exemption.
Spain
The following are the VAT rates in Spain:
- Standard rate: 21%
- Reduced rates: 4% and 10%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate or exemption.
Sweden
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT.
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 25%
- Reduced rates: 6% and 12%
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate or an exemption.
Switzerland
The VAT rates are:
- Standard rate: 7.7%
- Reduced rate: 2.5%
- Special rate of 3.7% (for hotel accommodation)
Turkey
The term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services subject to VAT. In Turkey, the following VAT rates apply:
- Standard rate: 18%
- Reduced rates: 1% and 8%.
The standard VAT rate applies to all supplies of goods or services, unless a specific measure provides for a reduced rate or exemption.
Ukraine
In Ukraine there are four VAT rates: 20%, 7%, 14% and 0%.
14% applies to: import and supply of certain agricultural products.
7% applies to: supply and import of qualifying medicines and specific medical goods, as well as medicines, medical goods, and medical equipment for use in clinical trials.
0% applies to: export and re-export of goods, international transport services.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the term “taxable supplies” refers to supplies of goods and services that are liable to a rate of VAT, including zero rates.
In the United Kingdom, the following are the VAT rates:
- Standard rate: 20%
- Reduced rate: 5%
- Zero rate: (0%)
The standard rate of VAT applies to all supplies of goods or services unless a specific measure provides for the zero or reduced rate or an exemption.